[43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. It kills bacteria in the mouth and reduces bad breath. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. [153], The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. The know-how of coconut cultivation and necessary soil fixation and irrigation may have found its way into Omani, Hadrami and Al-Mahra culture by people who returned from those overseas areas. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the sole species of the genus Cocos belonging to the subfamily Cocoideae which includes 27 genera and 600 species.It is a diploid with 32 chromosomes (2n=32), guma', Therefore, as well as dwarf cultivars, Slightly nutty odor, tender coconut, coconut oil and processed . [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months 1, 2. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 11mm (38in) thick, starting at the distal end. She earned her B.A. Historical Developments in Biological Control Recent Advances. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [179] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. [13] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. But this is uncommon. Male flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, staminate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and pistillodes are present. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. [158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. (2009). It enables toxins to be removed easily from harmful substances. All the parts-of the Wonder palm are useful to making in one way or other. Frison, E.A. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports the top producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, and India. The falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3][5]. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. "Chapter 12 Coconut". [27][29][30] Conran et al. [85] Mechanical coconut climbing devices and even automated robots have also been recently developed in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. She earned her B.A. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. Coconut Research Center. The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? there are a lot of untapped economic potentials in the Coconut industry which need to be . In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [134][135] It can also be diluted into a beverage. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? Freshly shredded mature coconut meat, known as "grated coconut", "shredded coconut", or "coconut flakes", is used in the extraction of coconut milk. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. [74], Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle) feeds on young leaves, and damages both seedlings and mature coconut palms. It is still the largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 64% of the global production. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. What are the health benefits of coconut water? However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Coconut requires low to no inputs within an existing land use area unchanged in 100 years. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. In Belize, coconuts are grown countrywide. In the United States, coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida,[110] and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
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