the smallest passageways in the lungs are called the

These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The airway is a complex system of tubes that transmits inhaled air from your nose and mouth into your lungs. What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium? The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the: A) respiratory mucosa. Small hairs in your nose that act as an air-cleaning system and help filter out large particles. Is Chinese Chicken chop suey Keto friendly? The bronchi, in turn, subdivide further into bronchioles. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. Other conditions are more serious and long-lasting. The small airways of the lung are defined as the bronchial passages less than 2 mm in diameter and located beyond the 7th or 8th generation of the tracheobronchial tree. b. Within each lung the bronchi branches into or are reduced to a. bronchioles. The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are called, "Dust cells" that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery. The serous membrane that forms a cavity around most of the lungs is called a) parietal pleura. Which of the following options is correct? There are many conditions that can affect your lungs. There are 20% fewer people with the flu than without it at. b. stratified squamous epithelium without goblet cells. This process takes place 12 to 20 times per minute. (E) All of these are correct. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. mucus layer over cilia that line the passages of the lungs: respiratory mucosa: period of breathing when air exits the lungs: expiration: alternate flushing of air into and out of the lungs: a. pharynx, larynx, and trachea b. nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx c. pharynx, trachea, and bronchi d. trachea, bronchi, and lungs, Which of the following does not contain cartilaginous rings? pharynx, (Greek: "throat") cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. b) bronchi. a. pseudostratified ciliated columnar b. simple columnar c. simple cuboidal d. simple squamous e. stratified squamous. Get the vaccines that your provider suggests. The conducting zone, which includes everything from the nose to the smallest bronchioles, moves air into and out of the lungs. a. segmental b. respiratory c. terminal d. lobar. They are separated from adjacent segments by connective tissue septa and are also surgically resectable. It looks like nothing was found at this location. Small airways disease is associated with poor spirometry results, increased lung hyperinflation, and poor health status, making the small airways an important treatment target in COPD. Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. From there, its pumped through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs. The trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi, which branch into smaller and smaller passageways until they terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The first passages of the respiratory zone, which have alveoli in their walls, are called: (a) Terminal bronchioles (b) Respiratory bronchioles (c) Alveolar ducts (d) Alveolar sacs. If this pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric prssure, the lungs collapse. The first passages of the respiratory zone, which have the alveoli in their walls are called a. Terminal bronchioles. b) bronchioles. 1.3 c. 30% d. 1.5. Place the following structure in order from largest to smallest: A. Bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchioles, alveoli B. Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli C. Bronchi, bronchioles, te, Which of the following has the smallest diameter? conducting zone consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid. Other problems include: Bronchiectasis - a condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred. A typical adult has 300 million to 500 million alveoli. Air enters the lungs through the primary bronchi. Air then travels down the throat through the larynx and trachea. For the first four hours after inhalation, SHIELD blocked 75% of the virus particles. a) alveoli. What are the smaller passageways off of each bronchi called? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Name the structures that make up the lower respiratory tract. These structures form a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs. Rarely, a hemothorax can happen spontaneously due to a vascular rupture. What was the most dangerous confrontation of the Cold War? a. What is the outer membrane that surrounds the lungs? Terminal Bronchioles. The bronchi are extensions of the trachea that penetrate the lungs and are responsible for making air reach the structures that we will see below . What is the support of the trachea and larger bronchi? Foreign objects breathed into the lungs often end up in the right bronchus, as it is larger than the left. What are small tubes in the lungs called? What kind of cells are in the primary bronchi? A thin basement membrane c. A thin layer of ciliated epithelial cells d. The capillary endothelium, What area of the pharynx is the inferior portion? Where are the bronchi located in the lung? The tiny air sacs of the lungs are called Alveoli. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Select one: Which number represents the ratio comparing the average age in group B togroup A if the average age of A=50 years old and B=65 years old? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. c. bi-layer epithelial tissue important for defending against pathogens. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Most people with interstitial lung disease experience this symptom, and it may get worse with time. a. nasopharynx b. oropharynx c. laryngopharynx. The mediastinum is the partition between the lungs and includes the mediastinal pleura. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". terminal bronchioles a. alveolar sacs b. alveoli c. respiratory bronchioles d. alveolar ducts, Name the structures that make up the upper respiratory tract, and those that make up the lower respiratory tract, Which type of epithelium tissue secretes mucus to trap and remove dust and debris? splits into a number of alveolar ducts, which terminate in alveolar sacs and individual alveoli. d) pleural membrane. E) both lungs have two lobes. Hemothorax is a condition in which the pleural cavity fills with blood, typically as a result of traumatic injury or chest surgery. It is a permanent condition that gets worse over time. Which Epithelial tissue type lines the trachea? Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022; Post category: the gridlessness family; You can learn more about breathing muscles in the concept of Breathing. Thoractomy. The smallest branches of the bronchial tubes are called BRONCHIOLES, at the end of which are the air sacs or alveoli. Normal quiet breathing moves about __________ mL of air into and out of the lungs with, A mechanism that clears the upper respiratory passages, which is similar to a cough except, that the expelled air is directed through the nasal cavities instead of the oral cavity, is, Air that remains in the conducting zone passageways and never reaches the alveoli is. A typical lung in a human adult lung weighs about 2.2 pounds and is a little longer than 9 inches when youre breathing normally, and about 10.5 inches when your lungs are completely expanded. Exercise-induced bronchospasm - a breathing problem that happens when your airways shrink while . In the mediastinum, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. aspirin|D. Place the following structures in order that air passes through to reach the alveoli: alveolar ducts, alveoli, bronchioles, lobar bronchi, main bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, segmental bronchi, smaller bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and trachea. d. alveolar sacs, Which of the following options is correct? Thymus gland. In your lungs, the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways the smallest, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli). What does it mean when the producer price index increases? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Your thorax is the area of your body between your neck and your abdomen. The NOSE is the preferred entrance for outside air into the respiratory system. a. nasopharynx b. oropharynx c. laryngopharynx, Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? A) main (primary) bronchi. However, the structural and functional changes of small airway in AECOPD are not clear. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Every sip will take you to the corners of the estate where each flavours was cultivated. When you exhale, you remove the carbon dioxide. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as __________. They are called the bronchiThe smallest [air] tubes in the lungs are the broncioles they terminate the larger bronchi.Inside your lungs the two bronchi tubes divide into small bronchial tubes. What are the first passages of the respiratory zone, which have alveoli in their walls, called? Small airway closure can impede low frequency IOS sound waves from reaching the lung periphery19. Its important to follow the suggestions from your healthcare team so you can breathe easily. curing hash chaud froid. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Free Shipping on all orders | Get 10% off on your first Purchase, use code - AOC10. Your left lung has two parts that your right lung doesnt have: the cardiac notch (where your heart fits) and the lingula, an extension of the superior lobe. The sweeping motion of cilia (small hairs in your respiratory tract) to keep air passages clean. . B) pleurisy C) mediastinum. b) bronchi. BOOP); 4) respiratory bronchiolitis; 5) diffuse panbronchiolitis; and 6) mineral dust-induced bronchiolitis. (C) carry air toward each lung. Airways. Check with your provider before you start exercising. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. University of Sharjah BIOLOGY BIOLOGY 101 The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are called Answer bronchioles The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are School University of Sharjah Course Title BIOLOGY 101 Type Test Prep Uploaded By ola.tahmaz Pages 57 Ratings 100% (6) This preview shows page 6 - 12 out of 57 pages. What are the smallest structures in the lungs? These tubes stem from the bronchus tubes and branch out into both lungs. (E) A, B, and C are correct. The smallest branches are called A. bronchi. The small airways of the lung are defined as the bronchial passages less than 2 mm in diameter and located beyond the 7th or 8th . b) Primary bronchus. As it increases over atmospheric pressure, air flows out of the lungs c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar. What are the smallest conducting passageways of the lungs? From the sinuses, air passes through the trachea, also called the windpipe, and into the bronchial tubes, which are the two tubes that carry air into each lung (each one is called a bronchus). Bronchiolies. What are the smallest conducting airways? The smallest tubes in the lungs are known as bronchioles. Stay hydrated, unless your provider gives you a limit on how much liquid you can drink. All rights reserved. Oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules on RBCs is called __________. The bronchi branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles which help air reach the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in each lung. What are the small tubes in the lungs? Smaller muscles between the ribs also play a role in breathing. What are the tiny passages in your lungs called? C. trachea. Also known as intra-alveolar pressure, Period of breathing when air enters the lungs, Exchange of gases between the systemic capillary blood and body cells, Alternate flushing of air into and out of the lungs, Exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood, Period of breathing when air leaves the lungs, Sudden inspiration, resulting from spasm of the diaphragm, A deep breath is taken, the glottis is closed, and air is forced out of the lungs against the glottis; clears the lower respiratory passageways, As just described, but it clears the upper respiratory passageways. 5 What is the medical term for small airways? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Lungs are the only organs in your body that will float. Definition deliver air to gas exchanges surfaces of lungs. Once inside the lungs, each bronchus is further divided into five smaller, secondary bronchi, which provide air to the lobes of the lungs. B) alveoli of the respiratory tract. a. pseudostratified ciliated columnar b. simple columnar c. simple cuboidal d. simple squamous e. stratified squamous. (b) 0.3MZnCl20.3 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{ZnCl}_20.3MZnCl2 or 0.3MPbCl20.3 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{PbCl}_20.3MPbCl2, smallest conducting respiratory passageways, Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface, In healthy lungs, it is always lower than atmospheric pressure (negative pressure) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A. simple cuboidal epithelium in the kidney B. ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in the respiratory system C. transitional epithelium D. simple squamous epith. Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes place. True. The bronchi dilate, usually . The tissue that makes up alveoli is simple squamous epithelium, which is different than the respiratory tract which is mostly pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium. The trachea branches into two: a) alveoli. Maybe try searching? Which type of epithelium tissue's function is the diffusion of respiratory gases? It helps to transport gases to tissues. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Policy. In your lungs, the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways the smallest, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli). Createyouraccount. Your trachea is divided into 2 air passages called bronchial tubes. These airways account for >98% of the cross sectional area of the lung and terminate with the alveolar sacs. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 2 . The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. e) none of these. the smallest passageways in the lungs are called the Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Your trachea is divided into two air passages called bronchial tubes. There are many different lung conditions. You have two lungs, one on each side of your chest, which is also called the thorax. It's shorter than your left lung, but also wider than your left lung. Pseudostratified columnar cells predominate in the upper respiratory tract. COPD can cause inflammation of the lining of the tubes that carry air to the sacs in the lungs. The lungs are organs of the respiratory system that allow us to take in and expel air. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Your thorax is the area of your body between your neck and your abdomen. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? Medium: These result from air bubbling through mucus in the small bronchi two tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs. During the 1st month no new participants joined, but 10 people under 65 in group A and 5 people over 65 in, If the ratio of patients with flu to patients without flu at a clinic is 0.8, which of the following statements is incorrect? Transitional c. Simple squamous d. Simple columnar e. Pseudostratified. Palate. Intrapulmonary pressure. This is called chronic bronchitis. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? These further divide and subdivide into smaller and smaller bronchi finally forming tiny tubes called bronchioles that end in alveloi (air sacs that facilitate oxygen transfer from the lungs into the pulmonary capillaries). Not smoking may help you prevent some illnesses. . What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree? What is the smallest airway in the conducting zone? Lymph nodes. Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). a. Tracheal cartilage ring b. Vasodilated bronchiole c. Left bronchus d. Right bronchus e. Alveolar duct f. Vasoconstricted bronchiole, Which type of epithelial tissue is located in the end of the respiratory bronchiole through the alveoli? Your lungs rest on a muscle called your diaphragm. Which type of epithelial tissue is located in the larynx below the vocal cords through the primary (main) bronchi? The lung on your right side is divided into three lobes: the superior, the middle and the inferior. It is about 4 to 5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter in the average adult. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down. The two lungs contain all the components of the bronchial tree beyond the primary bronchi. C) upper respiratory tract. The secondary bronchi continue to branch off to form the tertiary bronchi, which are further divided into terminal bronchioles. Your bronchial tubes lead to smaller air passages called bronchi, and then into bronchioles. Inhalation drugs are the main treatment for stable COPD , and inhaled corticosteroiduff08ICSuff09+long-acting beta2-agonistuff08LABAuff09 are used to treat patients with severe and severe airflow limitation. Structure of the respiratory system. These then branch successively to give rise in turn to secondary and tertiary bronchii. The trachea (A) conducts air from the larynx into the bronchi (B) is lined with pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (C) is usually located posterior to the esophagus. simple columnar|E. b. Bronchus. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. the smallest passageways in the lungs are called the. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? In reading the history of nations, we find that, like individuals, they have their whims and their peculiarities; their seasons of excitement and recklessness, when they care not what they do. What are the inner walls of the lungs made of? Bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the . Esophagus. c. ciliated simple columnar epithelium without goblet cells. A) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C) hyaline cartilage D) mucus membrane E) bone, Which of the following organs is not part of the upper respiratory tract? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells is called __________. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Right lung The lung on your right side is divided into three lobes: the superior, the middle and the inferior. intrinsic factor |F. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 2 What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Exercise can help you increase your lung capacity. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. c. alveolar ducts. 131 The Tucker Act The Tucker Act codified at 28 United States Code USC 1491 and, easily stackable and could be transported conveniently and less expensive Second, Only the per diem allowance in excess of IRAS prescribed rate will be taxable, The Board of Governors of the Bank of Latvia passed the Resolution On Trans, ALI REZVI - Research Essay Final Copy.pdf, identity card provided by their store They give satisfactory service to their, 1.0 REVISED GUIDELINES FOR DRY LAB BIO150_MAC 2021 - OGOS 2021.docx, 9 Based on the discussion in Chapter 16 which of the following statements is not, To exert control to take a step after advice iii To 110 share feelings iv We. Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs with the blood. Let us begin by taking a look at the structure of the respiratory system and how vital it is to life. A term for membranaceous bronchiolesnoncartilaginous conducting airways with a fibromuscular wall and respiratory bronchiolesairways in which the fibromuscular wall is partially alveolated. 3 Geometry. How do you know if you have a small airway? c) trachea. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 4 Prealgebra. This is the term used to describe the tree-like structure of passageways that brings air into the lungs. It does not store any personal data. The small airways of the lung are defined as the bronchial passages less than 2 mm in diameter and located beyond the 7th or 8th generation of the tracheobronchial tree. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The trachea extends from the neck and divides into two main bronchi that divide to the lungs. 4 What are the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea called? The small airways are defined as those less than 2 mm in diameter. Stratified squamous. What are the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea called? What lung structures have Simple Squamous Epithelial (SSqE) tissue? An obstruction may partially or totally prevent air from getting into your lungs.. the smallest passageways in the lungs are called the. Wash your hands well to avoid infections. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea? Epiglottis Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of: a) ciliated squamous epithelium. Use a device called a pulse oximeter to measure the oxygen levels in your blood. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. b. alveoli. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Explanation: The largest airway structure is the trachea. Which of the following structures is the largest in diameter? B) the bases rest on the diaphragm. D) parietal pleura. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. d) secondary bronchi, one to each lung. bronchioles These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. d) alveoli. 2 The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen is transferred from the inhaled air to your blood. The left lung has 2 lobes. The right lung has 3 sections, called lobes. Bowel motions of newborns and young babies. C. 25. . b) turbinates. These come in long-acting and short-acting versions. D) alveolar ducts. What is the primary germ layer from which the internal lining of the trachea arises? They are lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium, and contain some . b. bronchi. SAD is an early pathologic lesion in susceptible smokers who develop COPD. Primary bronchi c. Secondary bronchi d. Distal bronchioles e. All of the above. e) moist cuboidal epithelium. Which bronchioles has the smallest diameter? Recent findings: The study has revealed that small airway involvement is present in all stages of asthmatic disease, being related to important clinical phenotypes such as nocturnal asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and difficult-to-control asthma, including those with the risk of repeated asthma exacerbations. After 24 hours, the rate was down to 18%. ALVEOLI are the very small air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Incio > 2022 > junho > 10 > Uncategorized > the smallest passageways in the lungs are called the. If this pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure the lungs collapse, As it decreases, air flows into the passageways of the lungs A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs and divides into terminal bronchioles. They branch out from the trachea to take air to the lungs. forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 )) [ 7 ]. They are a major site of pathology in many lung diseases, not least chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Increases ventilation of the lungs; may be initiated by a need to increase oxygen levels in the blood. The main subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. d) Bronchiole. When one swallows, . What is the smallest conducting passageways of the lungs? The small leaf-shaped cartilage at the top of the larynx is called the epiglottis. Air enters the body via the nose (preferably) or the mouth. What are the smallest conducting zone bronchioles called? granulomas or lymphoid follicles), leading to specific denominations (e.g. Question 6 Which of these is another legitimate way to express the ratio of cases to controls given the above data (reminder: there are 64 cases in a case-control study and 128 controls)? The respiratory membrane (at the alveoli) is made of what type of cells. a. Alveoli b. Trachea c. Bronchioles d. Bronchi. Why do the lungs prefer air breathed in through the nose? What is bilateral submucous resection of turbinates? a. simple squamous b. stratified cuboidal c. simple cuboidal d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar, What are the first passages of the respiratory zone, which have alveoli in their walls, called? What are the organs of the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract? Which is the largest subdivision of the lung? These subtypes, which start from different types of lung cells, are grouped together as NSCLC because their treatment and prognoses (outlook) are often similar. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. The release point is on the positive side of the dipole, at distance 7.0d from the dipole center. granulomatous bronchiolitis and follicular bronchiolitis). Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This intricate structure in each lung is called the bronchial tree. e) alveoli. lithotripsy|G. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The small airways of the lung are defined as the bronchial passages less than 2 mm in diameter and located beyond the 7th or 8th generation of the tracheobronchial tree. c. alveolar ducts. Which of the following respiratory system structures has the largest internal diameter? Alveoli look like clusters of small round fruits. The airways of the lungs consist of the cartilaginous bronchi, membranous bronchi, and gas-exchanging bronchi termed the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. What are the smallest passageways in the lung with a ciliated epithelium? Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Damaged lungs are darker gray and can have black spots in them. Having a Small Airway: Having a small airway may restrict your breathing at night.

Richard Engel Salary, Articles T